USS Hawkbill breaking through the Arctic Ice The most detailed maps of the ocean floor are made with sonar scans. Ships bounce pulses of sound off the ocean floor and measure the time it takes for the sound to return. Where the ocean is covered with ice, scientists have to use sonar equiped on submarines to map the ocean floor.
To investigate the underwater volcano Lo'ihi, scientists must use an underwater submersible, like the Pisces V shown on the right. The cabin of the Pisces V sits inside a steel ball less than 7 feet across - not much space for an entire crew of three! Pisces V Submersible
Robotic arm on Pisces using a temperature probe The Pisces V can dive as deep as 6500 feet, where it must withstand a crushing pressure of 2800 pounds per square inch. To study Lo'ihi, the Pisces V uses its robotic arms to gather samples and take measurements.
Meet the Scientists


Margo Edwards sailed aboard a nuclear sub to study the floor of the Arctic Ocean. What do Margo and astronauts have in common? Click here for her answer!


Kevin Johnson is a geologist who uses submersibles like the Pisces V to explore underwater volcanoes. So how do you go to the bathroom in those subs? The answer is here!


Terry Kerby has been piloting submersibles like the Pisces V for more than 20 years. What is the submersible used for? Find out here.
 


Alex Malahoff studies the newest Hawaiian volcano, Loihi. Hear more about why Loihi is a great volcano to visit here.
Life in the Universe | Outer Space | Mauna Kea |Kilauea | Volcanoes | Oceans & Atmospheres | Reefs & Beaches | Loihi & Ocean Floor

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